2025, Vol. 5, Issue 2, Part A

Apigenin is a flavone abundantly present in various plants such as parsley, and Parsley's bioactive component (Petroselinum crispum L.) has a variety of medicinal qualities. In this work, apigenin was isolated from parsley leaves using liquid-liquid extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE).

Several parameters, including solvent type and concentration, extraction duration, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, and temperature, were evaluated for their influence on apigenin extraction yield. Under optimal conditions, Soxhlet extraction yielded 9.87 (mg apigenin/g parsley), whereas UAE yielded 6.53 (mg apigenin/g parsley).

The duration of the extraction in the Soxhlet device was 6 hours, using (300 ml) of ethanol, and a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius, while the duration of the Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was (20-70) minutes, using (10 ml) of solvent (ethanol, water), and the temperature Ranging from (20-60) degrees Celsius.

The findings indicated that the best mobile phase for isolating Apigenin from the column was (hexane - ethyl acetate - ethanol) (2:2:1), followed by thin layers with a displacement combination (hexane - dichloromethane) (1:2), with a valuable RF of 0.88.

The FTIR and NMR tests indicated that apigenin's structure remained unchanged following extraction.